التصحر وتلوث بيئة العراق

This study examines the environmental impacts of the 2003 military invasion of Iraq and its continued occupation. It is divided into two main areas: (1) Direct environmental damages, including radioactive contamination at the Iraqi Atomic Energy Organization site in Tuwaitha, chemical pollution at the Daura oil refinery, ship debris in Shatt al-Arab, damage to sewage and drinking water infrastructure, and pollution from destruction of oil facilities. (2) Indirect environmental effects, including the water scarcity crisis caused by Turkish and Iranian dams on the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, drying of southern marshlands, land degradation and desertification, increasing dust storms contaminated with heavy metals, and widespread depleted uranium contamination with severe health consequences for the population. The study concludes that the collapse